Introduction
Sodium copper chlorophyllin is a semi-synthetic derivative of chlorophyll, the natural green pigment responsible for photosynthesis in plants. It is produced through a chemical modification process in which the central magnesium ion in the chlorophyll molecule is replaced with a copper ion. Additionally, the phytol tail, which is hydrophobic in natural chlorophyll, is transformed into a water-soluble form. These modifications significantly enhance the compound’s stability, solubility in water, and resistance to degradation by light and heat, making it more suitable for various industrial applications.
Due to its improved properties, sodium copper chlorophyllin is widely used in multiple industries. In the food industry, it serves as a natural green colorant (E141) for products such as beverages, candies, and processed foods. In pharmaceuticals, it is known for its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing properties, making it useful in topical ointments, oral supplements, and digestive health products. Additionally, its ability to neutralize odors has led to its inclusion in deodorizing formulations, including mouthwashes and internal deodorants.
The cosmetic industry also benefits from sodium copper chlorophyllin’s properties, as it is commonly used in skincare products for its potential skin-soothing and anti-aging effects. Furthermore, ongoing research explores its role in health applications, particularly its potential in supporting detoxification and protecting against oxidative stress. With its versatility and stability, sodium copper chlorophyllin continues to be a valuable ingredient across various sectors.
Is it safe?
1. Chemical and Physical Properties
Sodium copper chlorophyllin is a water-soluble compound that appears as a dark green or blackish-green powder or liquid, often exhibiting a metallic sheen. It possesses the following notable characteristics:
- Solubility: It is easily soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol and chloroform, but insoluble in fats and oils, which limits its use in oil-based formulations.
- Odor: It is generally odorless or has a faint characteristic smell, making it suitable for applications where neutral sensory properties are required.
- Stability: Compared to natural chlorophyll, sodium copper chlorophyllin is significantly more resistant to heat, light, and oxidation, preventing rapid degradation. This improved stability makes it a preferred choice in industrial applications where longevity and consistency are critical.
2. Production Process
The production of sodium copper chlorophyllin involves a series of controlled steps to ensure purity and quality. The key stages include:
1）Raw Material Selection
Natural sources rich in chlorophyll are chosen for extraction. These sources include:
- Alfalfa – A widely used plant due to its high chlorophyll content.
- Spinach – A common leafy green with abundant chlorophyll.
- Silkworm Excrement – An unconventional but highly concentrated source of chlorophyll, used in some manufacturing processes.
2） Extraction
The selected plant materials are dried, ground into fine particles, and subjected to solvent extraction. A mixture of ethanol and acetone is commonly used to isolate the chlorophyll extract while preserving its molecular integrity.
3） Saponification
To increase solubility, the extracted chlorophyll undergoes saponification. During this process, the methyl and phytol groups are removed, converting the hydrophobic structure into a more hydrophilic form, making it water-soluble.
4） Copper Substitution
The central magnesium ion in the chlorophyll molecule is replaced with a copper ion through a controlled reaction. This substitution enhances the molecule’s chemical stability, improving its resistance to oxidation and degradation.
5）Salinization and Purification
The compound is converted into its sodium salt form, which further improves its solubility and usability in aqueous solutions. The product then undergoes filtration, drying, and refinement to remove impurities and achieve the final powdered or liquid form.
3. Safety Aspects
Approval for Use
Sodium copper chlorophyllin has received regulatory approval from various health and safety organizations, including:
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) – Recognized as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) when used within specified limits.
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) – Approved for use as a food additive (E141) in regulated quantities.
- Other global regulatory bodies, including the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), have assessed and approved its safety in different applications.
Possible Risks and Side Effects
While sodium copper chlorophyllin is considered safe for consumption, excessive intake may result in potential side effects, including:
- Allergic Reactions – Some individuals may experience skin irritation, itching, redness, or, in rare cases, respiratory issues.
- Gastrointestinal Discomfort – High doses may lead to symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal discomfort.
- Copper Overload – Although rare, long-term excessive consumption could lead to copper accumulation in the body, potentially impacting liver function.
Regulatory Limits
To prevent adverse effects, regulatory authorities have established acceptable daily intake (ADI) levels. These guidelines ensure that sodium copper chlorophyllin remains within safe consumption limits across various industries.
4. Applications
Food Industry
Sodium copper chlorophyllin is commonly used as a natural food colorant, labeled as E141. It imparts a vibrant green color and is widely applied in:
- Beverages – Used in flavored drinks, herbal beverages, and green-colored soft drinks.
- Confectionery – Applied in candies, chewing gums, and jellies.
- Dairy Products – Added to ice creams, yogurt, and dairy-based desserts.
- Processed Foods – Used in canned vegetables, sauces, dressings, and processed snacks.
Dietary Supplements and Health Products
Due to its potential health benefits, sodium copper chlorophyllin is frequently included in dietary supplements, with claims supporting:
- Liver Function – Assists in detoxification by supporting liver health and promoting waste elimination.
- Detoxification – May aid in binding to toxins and facilitating their removal from the body.
- Overall Wellness – Often marketed as a superfood ingredient with antioxidant properties.
Medicinal Applications
Sodium copper chlorophyllin has been explored for its potential medicinal properties:
- Wound Healing – Studies suggest that it may accelerate tissue regeneration and reduce infection risks when applied topically.
- Deodorizing Properties – It is incorporated into oral hygiene products such as mouthwashes and breath fresheners, as well as internal deodorants to help neutralize body odors.
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects – Some research indicates its ability to combat oxidative stress and reduce inflammation, potentially benefiting skin conditions and digestive health.
Sodium copper chlorophyllin is a highly versatile and valuable derivative of natural chlorophyll, offering enhanced stability and solubility. These improved properties make it widely applicable across the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Recognized as safe by regulatory authorities, it serves as a functional ingredient in food coloring, health supplements, and medicinal products. However, adherence to recommended intake guidelines is essential to prevent potential side effects associated with excessive consumption.
With ongoing research into its health benefits and expanded industrial applications, sodium copper chlorophyllin continues to be an important compound contributing to various sectors, from food production to human health and wellness.
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Post time: Mar-04-2025
