A supplement called 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) or osetriptan is considered one of the alternative treatments for headaches and migraines. The body converts this substance into serotonin (5-HT), also known as serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood and pain.
Low serotonin levels are commonly seen in people with depression, but migraine sufferers and chronic headache sufferers may also experience low serotonin levels during and between attacks. It is unclear why migraines and serotonin are linked. The most popular theory is that a deficiency of serotonin makes people hypersensitive to pain.
Because of this connection, several methods of increasing serotonin activity in the brain are commonly used to prevent migraines and treat acute attacks.
5-HTP is an amino acid made by the body from the essential amino acid L-tryptophan and must be obtained from food. L-tryptophan is found in foods such as seeds, soybeans, turkey and cheese. Enzymes naturally convert L-tryptophan into 5-HTP, which then converts 5-HTP into 5-HT.
5-HTP supplements are made from the West African medicinal plant Griffonia simplicifolia. This supplement has been used to treat depression, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and for weight loss, but there is no conclusive evidence of its benefits.
When considering 5-HTP or any natural supplement, it is important to understand that these products are chemicals. If you take them because they are powerful enough to have a positive effect on your health, keep in mind that they can also be powerful enough to have negative effects.
It is unclear whether 5-HTP supplements are beneficial for migraines or other types of headaches. Overall, research is limited; some studies show it helps, while others show no effect.
Migraine studies have used doses of 5-HTP ranging from 25 to 200 mg per day in adults. There is currently no clear or recommended dosage for this supplement, but it is worth noting that higher doses are associated with side effects and drug interactions.
5-HTP may interact with some medications, including carbidopa, which is used to treat Parkinson’s disease. It may also interact with triptans, SSRIs, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs, another class of antidepressants).
Tryptophan and 5-HTP supplements may be contaminated with the natural ingredient 4,5-tryptophanione, a neurotoxin also known as Peak X. The inflammatory effects of Peak X can cause muscle pain, cramping, and fever. Long-term effects may include muscle and nerve damage.
Because this chemical is a byproduct of a chemical reaction and not an impurity or contaminant, it can be found in supplements even if they are prepared under hygienic conditions.
It is important to discuss taking any supplements with your doctor or pharmacist to make sure they are safe for you and will not interact with your other medications.
Keep in mind that dietary and herbal supplements have not undergone the same rigorous study and testing as over-the-counter and prescription medications, meaning that research supporting their effectiveness and safety is limited or incomplete.
Supplements and natural remedies can be attractive, especially if they don’t have side effects. In fact, natural remedies have proven effective for many ailments. There is evidence that magnesium supplements can reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. However, it is unclear whether 5-HTP is beneficial for migraines.
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Teri Robert Teri Robert is a writer, patient educator, and patient advocate specializing in migraines and headaches.